At present, the energy saving is a priority. This is due to a core deficit of energy, the rising costs of production, as well as with world-wide environmental problems.
What is the energy savings?
Energy savings – it is the efficient use of energy through the application of innovative solutions, which are technically justified economically acceptable for the environment and a social point of view, do not change their habits of life. This definition has been formulated by the energy of the conference.
The energy savings in any domain essentially boils down to a reduction of unnecessary loss of energy. The analysis of losses in the field of production, distribution and consumption of energy shows that a large part of the loss – up to 90% are coming from the sector of energy consumption, so that the transmission loss of the electricity account for only 9% to 10%. Therefore, the main efforts in energy saving are concentrated in the field of the electricity consumption.
The main role in increasing the efficiency of energy use belongs to modern energy-saving technology. Energy-saving technology – the new or the improvement of process technology, characterized by a high rate of beneficial use of fuel and energy (TER).
The introduction of energy-saving technology in economic activity, both businesses and individuals at the household level, is one of the important steps in the resolution of many environmental problems and climate change, the pollution of the atmosphere (for example, the emissions of the thermal power plant), the depletion of fossil resources and al
Usually, the companies are adopting the types of technologies that can significantly increase the effect of energy saving:
- The technology in general for many businesses related to the use of the energy (variable speed motors, heat exchangers, compressed air, lighting, steam, refrigeration, drying, etc).
- The more efficient production of energy, including water heaters, heat and electricity, as well as heat, cold, electricity; the replacement of an old industrial equipment on a new, more effective.
- Other sources of energy.
The energy-saving mode is particularly relevant to the mechanisms that are a part of the time work with a load – conveyors, pumps, fans, etc there Are many devices that allow to reduce losses during the use of electrical equipment, of which the main ones are the condensation of the installation and of the frequency of the variable speed drives. Adjustable frequency multi-turn with optimization capabilities of the energy consumption flexible modify the frequency of rotation according to the load, which saves up to 30% to 50% of the electricity consumption. This is not usually necessary to replace the standard engine, which is especially important during the modernization of production facilities. Such energy-saving, servo motors, and automation tools can be integrated to most of the industrial facilities and in the HOUSING sector: elevators and ventilation systems, to the automation of the companies.
The scientists designed the installation, in which a part of the heat, leaving it in the pipe after the combustion, the production of natural gas used to produce additional energy, and can give a light of five buildings of 16 floors.
Energy-saving technology in the construction of the complex, including insulation of walls, roofing energy saving, energy saving paint, double-glazing, the cost of heating and cooling of the surface.
One of the main energy-saving technologies with a large potential for improvement in the field of housing construction is the boiler. The modern technologies are able to significantly reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance costs, and even improve the PERFORMANCE. In addition, the replacement of the heating system, often, allows the company to pass the environment dirty and expensive coal or fuel oil the least expensive and of fuel, such as gas or wood pellets.
Also gives a great saving if, instead, autonomous thermal power plants to accommodate in an individual building point thermal, with the pumps quiet, compact and efficient plastic heat exchanger.
During the organization of ventilation in the building applied recovery systems (recycling, reuse) of the exhaust heat of the air and the performance variable-push of aggregates as a function of the number of people in the building. These systems do not lose heat generated by people, lighting equipment, trade and office equipment, and thereby reduce the consumption of heat from the external source – teploseti or boiler.
A sample of houses that, in the future, will allow humans to live in harmony with nature, at the same time, without depriving yourself of familiar comfort, are the so-called housing, a zero energy (zero energy house) or are in the passive house (passive house), which are united by the generic term "energy efficiency of the house".
"Energy efficiency" will be considered a house, in which the comfort of the temperature of the support of the winter, without the application of a heating system, and in the summer, without the use of an air conditioning system.
The house was energy efficient, while its construction should be done the following:
- The modern application of thermal insulation of pipelines of heating and hot water.
- Single source heating and energy supply (registration of the boiler or source of co-generation of energy).
- The heat pumps use the earth's heat, the exhaust heat of the ventilation air and the heat of wastewater.
- The solar sensors in the distribution system and hot water in the cooling system of the room.
- The heating system in each apartment, with timers and individual thermal regime of the premises.
- The mechanical system of individual ventilation and the elimination of the heat of the return air.
- In each apartment, the controllers, will optimize the heat consumption for heating and ventilation of the apartments.
- Protect drawings with a thermal protection, and predefined indicators of the thermal stability.
- The recovery of the heat from solar radiation in the heat balance of a building on the basis of the optimal selection of the translucent envelope.
- Devices that use scattered solar radiation to improve the illumination of the premises and reduce the energy consumption on the lighting.
- Choice of models of sunglasses devices taking into account the direction and the irradiance of the facades of each season.
- The use of the heat of the water back to the heating system for the underfloor heating in the bathrooms.
- The management system of heat and energy, the indoor environment and the engineering equipment on the basis of a mathematical model of a building, such as a thermal energy system.
There are other ways of reasonable use of electricity, not only on production, but in everyday life. As well, are known since a long time, "smart" lighting systems. The effect of energy saving is based on the fact that the light turns on automatically is when it is necessary. The switch has an optical sensor and a microphone. The day, when the lighting level, the lighting is disabled. At dusk is the activation of the microphone. If in a radius of 5 metres from the noise (for example, of measures, or the sound of the door opening), the light turns on automatically and lights up until the person is inside. These lighting systems use of energy-saving lamps.
The led lights allow you to achieve significant energy savings compared to light sources incandescent lamps (80%) and fluorescent lamps (over 40%). These lamps can be used in the lighting of various objects: of underground passages and parking lots, landscape and garden lighting, street lighting, public lighting and emergency lighting.
There are prospective energy-saving projects in the transport sector. Of american engineers come very close to the production of automobiles equipped with accessories that convert the heat from exhaust gases to electricity. Teploelektrogenerator, mounted on the muffler, converts part of the heat of the exhaust gas into electricity, which can then allow the climate control system, music system, etc
German scientists develop highly efficient energy-saving devices needed for cars with hybrid engine. The device works using the oil on the highway and on the electricity in the city, and thus use relatively less energy.
In the house, each consumer can save electricity, according to the following rules:
- Replace incandescent bulbs the energy-saving lamps.
- Disable unused network devices (e.g., tv, vcr, stereo).
- On the plates you apply to the pots and pans with a flat bottom, which is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the cooking plates, do not use cookware with the bottom curved.
- Machine washable at full load and select the wash mode.
- It is time to take departures scum.
- Do not dry significantly under-garment, it can save while ironing.
- The more often you change the dust bag of the vacuum cleaner.
- Put the refrigerator in the coolest place of the kitchen.
- Use curtains, wallpapers.
- Most often, wash the windows, on the window sills to put a small amount of colors.
- Do not close the curtains of the heating battery.